Media Language - Mrs Mallet

Camera Shots

1. Extreme Long Shot (ELS) :
A wide view of the complete setting.
Gives a sense of scale and also provides a location.
Mainly used as establishing shots.

2. Long Shot (LS) :

Closer than ELS but still shows the complete scene.

Background dominates the human figure.

Commonly used in narrative to establish the scene.

3. Medium/Mid Shot (MS) :
Human is seen in detail. 
Gesture and expression are now clearly visible.
Ideal for dialogue and some limited action.

4. Medium Long Shot (MLS) :
Setting is still seen in detail.
Humans can be seen in detail (waist to above head).
A common purpose of this shot is to portray both dialogue and action.

5. Medium Close Up (MCU) :
Subject is moderately close.
Head & shoulders are comfortably seen with little room above the head.

6. Close Up (CU) :
Might only show face in detail.
Often used in  narrative to show emotion.

7. Extreme Close Up (ECU) :
Shows only a portion of detail.
Often used to create a sense of mystery.
Very effective on hiding what something is until a dramatic camera pullback.

Camera Angles

1. High Angle :
Audience views object from above looking down.
Creates sense of scale.
Subjects look small and vulnerable.

2. Low Angle :
Opposite of Above.
Look upwards towards the subject.
Creates feeling of importance.

3. Eye Level :
View is the same as if we were there as spectators.
The camera represents the audiences view.

4. Point of View :
Camera is used as if it is the eye of the character.
See only what the character sees.

5. Crane :
Camera is attached to crane.
Shows scene above it.
Creates sense of scale.
Provides a lot of information.



6. Dutch :
Camera is tilted to one side so the horizon is on a angle .
Creates a disorientating effect.
Unsettling for audience.

Editing

1. The Fade :
The old image slowly blurs into another one.


2. The Dissolve :
Bringing a new shot into focus as the old one disappears.


3. The Wipe :
One shot replaces the other from travelling from one side of the frametto another or wiht a special shape.



4. Superimposition :
To place one image over the other on the screen.



5. Straight Cut :
 creates a natural movement between shots and in many ways emulates the audiences own eye movements.

Lighting

1. Coloured Lighting : 

Gives a particular effect to thee scene.

2. Diegetic Lighting:

Appears to illuminate room a source within the scene, for example a torch, lamp or the sunlight.

3.Location of Light:

Positioning of the light source can also create dramatic efforts within a frame.

3 Point Lighting

4. Key Light:

Hardest and brightest.

Focuses on one side of the main subject.

5. Full Light:

Softer, more diffused light.

Placed slightly on other side of main subject at same angle as key light.

Light fills in shadows cast by key light.

6. Backlight:

Placed behind subject.

Works to separate subject from background.

Usually hard lights.

Create outline around subject.

Sound

·  1. On Screen Sound : 

D Diegetic sounds that come from objects observable within the frame.

· 2. Off Screen Sound :

  Diegetic sounds that come from objects not seen within the frame.

· 3. Synchronous Sound :

  Sound/Music which matches the kind of action on the screen.

   4. Asynchronous Sound :

  Sound/Music which does not match the kind of action on screen.